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Objective@#To establish a prediction model for 6-year incidence risk of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China.@*Methods@#In this prospective cohort study, we used the data of 3 742 participants collected during 2008/2009-2014 and during 2012-2017/2018 from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Two follow up surveys for renal function were successfully conducted for 1 055 participants without CKD in baseline survey. Lasso method was used for the selection of risk factors. The risk prediction model of CKD was established by using Cox proportional hazards regression models and visualized through nomogram tool. Bootstrap method (1 000 resample) was used for internal validation, and the performance of the model was assessed by C-index and calibration curve.@*Results@#The mean age of participants was (80.8±11.4) years. In 4 797 person years of follow up, CKD was found in 262 participants (24.8%). Age, BMI, sex, education level, marital status, having retirement pension or insurance, hypertension prevalence, blood uric acid, blood urea nitrogen and total cholesterol levels and estimated glomerular filtration rate in baseline survey were used in the model to predict the 6-year incidence risk of CKD in the elderly. The corrected C-index was 0.766, the calibration curve showed good consistence between predicted probability and observed probability in high risk group, but relatively poor consistence in low risk group.@*Conclusion@#The incidence risk prediction model of CKD established in this study has a good performance, and the nomogram can be used as visualization tool to predict the 6-year risk of CKD in the elderly aged 65 years and older in China.
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Objective@#To investigate the association between estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, 1 802 elderly adults were collected in the study during 2012-2017/2018. In this study, the elderly were classified into 4 groups, moderate-to-severe group [<45 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], mild-to-moderate group [45- ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1], mild group [60- ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] and normal group [≥90 ml·min-1·(1.73 m2)-1] according to their eGFR levels.@*Results@#After 6 years of follow-up, 852 participants died, with a mortality rate of 47.3%. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of eGFR were negatively correlated with all-cause mortality risk in the elderly (the HR of elderly was 0.993 and the 95%CI was 0.989-0.997 for every unit of eGFR increased, P=0.001), while compared with the group with normal eGFR, the HRs (95%CI) of the elderly in the moderate-to-severe group, mild-to-moderate group, and mild group were 1.690 (1.224-2.332, P=0.001), 1.312 (0.978-1.758, P=0.070), 1.349 (1.047-1.737, P=0.020) respectively [trend test P<0.001].@*Conclusion@#The decrease in eGFR was associated with higher mortality risk among the elderly in longevity areas in China.
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Objective@#To understand the relationship between visual impairment and risk of all-cause mortality in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#The data of the elderly aged 65 years and older in the project in 2012 were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, including physical measurement and survival status, and a follow-up for survival outcomes were conducted in 2014 and 2017 respectively. Cox proportional hazard regression model was used to analyze the influence of visual impairment on mortality. Gender and age specific analysis was conducted.@*Results@#A total of 1 736 elderly adults were included. A total of 943 deaths occurred during the 5-year follow-up period with a 5-year mortality rate of 54.3%. The 5-year mortality rate was 76.7% in the group with visual impairment, and 47.6% in the group without visual impairment (P<0.001). After adjusting for demographic information, life style and some disease factors, the risk of 5-year mortality in the group with visual impairment group was 1.30 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (HR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.09-1.55). In the females, the risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.48 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment (HR=1.48, 95%CI:1.20-1.84). However, vision status was not associated with the risk for mortality in males (HR=1.02, 95%CI: 0.72-1.43). The risk for mortality in the group with visual impairment was 1.39 times higher than that in the group without visual impairment in the elderly aged over 90 years (HR=1.39, 95%CI: 1.13-1.70). Vision status was not associated with mortality risk in the elderly aged 65-79 years and 80-89 years (HR=1.37, 95%CI: 0.61-3.07; HR=0.95, 95%CI: 0.61-1.48).@*Conclusion@#In the elderly people in China, visual impairment is a risk factor for mortality.
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Objective@#To understand the current status of BMI of the elderly and related factors in longevity areas in China, and provide scientific evidence for the control of BMI level in elderly population.@*Methods@#Data used in this study were obtained from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. A total of 2 825 elderly in 8 longevity areas in China were surveyed and measured in 2017. The BMI levels of 2 217 elderly aged 65 years and older were calculated and in follow up. The ordered classification logistic regression model was used to analyze the influencd factors for the BMI in the elderly.@*Results@#The BMI of the elderly in 8 longevity areas in China was (22.36±3.87) kg/m2, and it was (22.76±3.58) kg/m2 for males and (21.75±3.98) kg/m2 for females. The BMI levels were normal in 1 165 elderly persons. The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were 15.8%, 24.0% and 7.7%, respectively. Multivariate analysis showed that the main factors affecting the BMI of people under 100- years old were age (65-: OR=2.78, 95%CI: 1.87-4.15; 80-: OR=1.47, 95%CI: 1.00-2.17), smoking status (OR=0.46, 95%CI: 0.32-0.66), annual household income (<30 000 Yuan: OR=1.26, 95%CI: 1.07-1.47; 30 000-70 000 Yuan: OR=1.52, 95%CI: 1.12-1.86), and frequency of tea intake(OR=1.36, 95%CI: 1.01-1.71), while the factor in people aged ≥100 years was gender (OR=3.68, 95%CI: 1.32-10.36).@*Conclusions@#The prevalence of underweight, overweight and obesity were high in the elderly from longevity areas in China. It is necessary to pay attention to the trend of overweight and obesity due to smoking, higher annual household income and regular tea drinking in the elderly men.
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Objective@#To analyze influencing factors for depressive symptoms in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas in China.@*Methods@#We recruited 2 180 participants aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas from Healthy Aging and Biomarkers Cohort Study, a sub-cohort of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey in 2017. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationships of socio-demographic characteristics, behavioral lifestyle, chronic disease prevalence, functional status, family and social support with depressive symptoms in the elderly.@*Results@#The detection rate of depression symptoms was 15.0% in the elderly aged 65 years and older in 8 longevity areas of China, and the detection rate of depression symptoms was 11.5% in men and 18.5% in women. Multivariate logistic regression analysis results showed that the detection rate of depressive symptoms was lower in the elderly who had regular physical exercises (OR=0.44, 95%CI: 0.26-0.74), frequent fish intakes (OR=0.57, 95%CI: 0.39-0.83), recreational activities (OR=0.65, 95%CI: 0.44-0.96), social activities (OR=0.28, 95%CI: 0.11-0.73) and community services (OR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.50-0.93). The elderly who were lack of sleep (OR=2.04, 95%CI: 1.49-2.80), had visual impairment (OR=1.54, 95%CI: 1.08-2.18), had gastrointestinal ulcer (OR=2.97, 95%CI: 1.53-5.77), had arthritis (OR=2.63, 95%CI: 1.61-4.32), had higher family expenditure than income (OR=1.80, 95%CI: 1.17-2.78) and were in poor economic condition (OR=4.58, 95%CI: 2.48-8.47) had higher detection rate of depressive symptoms.@*Conclusion@#The status of doing physical exercise, fish intake in diet, social activity participation, sleep quality or vision, and the prevalence of gastrointestinal ulcers and arthritis were associated with the detection rate of depressive symptoms in the elderly.
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Objective@#To explore the association of arsenic with unexplained recurrent spontaneous abortion (URSA).@*Methods@#A case-control study was conducted to select URSA patients who were admitted to the Beijing Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University from April to October 2018 as a case group. Women who had a normal pregnancy in the Family Planning Department of the hospital but volunteered to have an abortion were selected as a control group. The case and control group were paired in a 1: 1 ratio. The inclusion criteria of the case group were patients with newly diagnosed recurrent spontaneous abortion who had clinically confirmed more than 2 spontaneous abortions and had 20 weeks prior to pregnancy, excluding patients with recurrent spontaneous abortion caused by abnormal blood coagulation (anti-phospholipid antibody positive), abnormal physiological anatomy (B-ultrasound), abnormal immune factors (anti-nuclear antibody positive, anti-cardiolipin antibody, etc.), genetic chromosomal abnormalities (karyotype analysis) and pathogenic microbial infection. The control group was matched according to the age of the case group (±3 years old) and the gestational age (±2 weeks) to exclude adverse pregnancy outcomes such as stillbirth, congenital malformation, premature delivery and low birth weight infants. A total of 192 subjects were included. Questionnaires were used to collect information of all subjects, and 12 ml of peripheral venous blood was collected to detect blood arsenic levels. Blood arsenic levels were divided into low concentration group (<1.00 μg/L), medium concentration group (1.00-1.50 μg/L) and high concentration group (>1.50 μg/L). The multivariate conditional logistic regression was performed to analyze the relationship between blood arsenic exposure and URSA and explore the influencing factors of blood Arsenic.@*Results@#The geometric mean values of blood arsenic level in the cases group and control group were 1.68 (1.50-1.86) μg/L and 1.26 (1.17-1.37) μg/L, respectively. The blood arsenic level in the case group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P<0.05). The results of multivariate conditional logistic regression analysis showed that after adjusting for tobacco exposure during pregnancy, pre-pregnancy body mass index and the effects of residential decoration in past five years, the risk of URSA was higher in the high-concentration group compared with the low-concentration group (OR=2.56, 95%CI:1.06-6.24).@*Conclusion@#Blood arsenic may increase the risk of URSA in women of childbearing age.
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The size of the non-sampling error is directly related to the accuracy and reliability of the sampling survey result. This paper studied the non-sampling errors generated during the sampling process of the China National Human Biomonitoring Program(CNBP), mainly including the sampling frame error, non-response error and measurement error. The program reduced the influence of the non-sampling error on the quality of the survey effectively by scientifically designing the sampling scheme and questionnaire, strengthening investigator trainings and standardizing the data review, which could be used to provide reference for the control of non-sampling errors in public health monitoring projects in China.
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Objective To explore the sampling method in China National Human Biomonitoring Program (HBP) and the related errors,so as to calculate and evaluate the study design in sampling.Methods The sampling method of HBP is of multistage nature.Taking the results of sampling method from Guizhou province as an example,results related to sampling error and variation coefficient were calculated,using the multistage unequal probability sampling error method.Results The HBP covered 152 monitoring sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and with 21 888 residents selected.The replacement rates at various stages were 5.26％,6.35％ and 40.6％ respectively.The sampling error in Guizhou province was 3 207 594,and the coefficient of variation was 0.097.Conclusions According to the multi-stage unequal probability sampling method,the sampling coefficient variability appeared small with high precision,in Guizhou province.However,this method did not consider the weight adjustment of non-sampling errors such as population missing rate and response rate.Methods related to the calculation on multi-stage sampling error among large-scale public health monitoring projects need to be further studied.
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Objective To explore the sampling method in China National Human Biomonitoring Program (HBP) and the related errors,so as to calculate and evaluate the study design in sampling.Methods The sampling method of HBP is of multistage nature.Taking the results of sampling method from Guizhou province as an example,results related to sampling error and variation coefficient were calculated,using the multistage unequal probability sampling error method.Results The HBP covered 152 monitoring sites in 31 provinces (autonomous regions and municipalities) and with 21 888 residents selected.The replacement rates at various stages were 5.26％,6.35％ and 40.6％ respectively.The sampling error in Guizhou province was 3 207 594,and the coefficient of variation was 0.097.Conclusions According to the multi-stage unequal probability sampling method,the sampling coefficient variability appeared small with high precision,in Guizhou province.However,this method did not consider the weight adjustment of non-sampling errors such as population missing rate and response rate.Methods related to the calculation on multi-stage sampling error among large-scale public health monitoring projects need to be further studied.
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0.05). Conclusion After exposing to the 915 MHz electromagnetic fields, the changes of the concentration of monoamine neurotransmitters in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, and the changes of the concentration of Ach in the remnant brain tissue could not be found.
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To study the effects of electromagnetic radiation from handsets of cellular telephone on quality of user's sleeping and depression 88 staff with handsets of cellular telephone and 77 staff without handsets of cellular telephone from corporations were selected as the subjects The subjects were investigated by questionnaires on their general health,lifestyle habit,psychological stresses,handset using of cellular telephone,living and working environmental exposure,morbidity and quality of sleeping and depression The data was analyzed by chi square,stepwise regression,Logistic regression,and covariance statistics The prevalence rate of insomnia was higher in user's group significantly ( P
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With the rapid growth of economy, environmental incidents of public health happened more frequently. To prevent and control these incidents effectively, governments explored managing information system, which provides technology and decision-making supports for dealing with the incidents. The development, application, services and characteristics of these information systems were summarized in this review, the impendence was also analyzed to develop a management information system in public health field in China.
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Objective To investigate the effect of low intensity microwave electromagnetic fields (EMF) on energy metabolism of cerebral cortical neurons of postnatal rats. Methods The cultured neurons were exposed to low intensity 900 MHz continuous microwave EMF (SAR=0.38-3.22 mW/g) 2 hours a day for 4 to 6 consecutive days. The activity of cytochrome oxidase(CCO) was taken as the index for energy metabolism level. Results The results of cytochemistry showed that compared to the sham-exposed, a significant decrease of cytochrome oxidase activity in exposed neurons(0.38-3.22 mW/g P
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With the scientific and technological progress and rapid development of the social economy, the extensive application of various electronic equipments has gradually intensified the possibility of ELF-EMF(extreme low frequency electromagnetic fields) exposure, the relationship between ELF-EMF exposure and health effects attracted more and more eyes and many corresponding researches have been finished. In recent years, a lot of epidemiological researches about the relationship between ELF-EMF and leukemia, brain tumor, breast cancer and other tumors have been done at home and abroad, in the present paper the research results were reviewed and the possible mechanism of the effect of ELF-EMF exposure on tumors was discussed.